/* ==========================================================================
   JH Stat — jhstat.co.uk
   Main stylesheet
   Plain CSS. No frameworks, no build step.

   Contents
   1.  Custom properties (design tokens)
   2.  Reset and base elements
   3.  Accessibility helpers
   4.  Layout utilities
   5.  Typography
   6.  Buttons
   7.  Header and navigation
   8.  Hero
   9.  Cards, grids and panels
   10. Lists, tags and badges
   11. Publications
   12. Timeline / experience
   13. Forms
   14. Call to action band
   15. Footer
   16. Page-specific helpers (404, blog, privacy)
   17. Animations
   18. Responsive breakpoints
   19. Print styles
   ========================================================================== */


/* ==========================================================================
   1. Custom properties (design tokens)
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  /* Brand colours — dark navy primary, teal/blue accent */
  --navy-900: #0a1a2f;
  --navy-800: #0f2440;
  --navy-700: #16314f;
  --navy-600: #1e3f63;
  --navy-500: #2c5480;

  --accent-700: #0b5d68;
  --accent-600: #0e7c8b;
  --accent-500: #128a9b;   /* primary accent (teal) */
  --accent-400: #1aa3b5;
  --accent-300: #7fd0da;
  --accent-100: #e3f4f6;

  --blue-600: #1f5fa8;
  --blue-100: #e8f0fa;

  /* Neutrals */
  --white: #ffffff;
  --grey-50: #f8fafb;
  --grey-100: #f1f4f7;
  --grey-200: #e4e9ef;
  --grey-300: #cfd7e0;
  --grey-400: #9aa7b5;
  --grey-500: #6b7885;
  --grey-600: #4d5a63;
  --grey-700: #333d47;
  --grey-800: #1f272f;

  /* Semantic tokens */
  --colour-text: #1f272f;
  --colour-text-muted: #4d5a63;
  --colour-heading: var(--navy-900);
  --colour-link: var(--accent-600);
  --colour-link-hover: var(--accent-700);
  --colour-bg: var(--white);
  --colour-bg-alt: var(--grey-50);
  --colour-border: var(--grey-200);
  --colour-border-strong: var(--grey-300);

  /* Typography */
  --font-sans: "Segoe UI", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue",
    Arial, "Noto Sans", sans-serif;
  --font-serif: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;

  --fs-xs: 0.8125rem;   /* 13px */
  --fs-sm: 0.9062rem;   /* ~14.5px */
  --fs-base: 1rem;      /* 16px */
  --fs-md: 1.0625rem;   /* 17px */
  --fs-lg: 1.1875rem;   /* 19px */
  --fs-xl: 1.375rem;    /* 22px */
  --fs-2xl: 1.75rem;    /* 28px */
  --fs-3xl: 2.125rem;   /* 34px */
  --fs-4xl: 2.75rem;    /* 44px */

  /* Spacing scale */
  --space-1: 0.25rem;
  --space-2: 0.5rem;
  --space-3: 0.75rem;
  --space-4: 1rem;
  --space-5: 1.5rem;
  --space-6: 2rem;
  --space-7: 2.5rem;
  --space-8: 3rem;
  --space-9: 4rem;
  --space-10: 5rem;
  --space-11: 6rem;

  /* Structure */
  --container: 1160px;
  --container-narrow: 820px;
  --radius-sm: 4px;
  --radius: 8px;
  --radius-lg: 14px;

  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(10, 26, 47, 0.05);
  --shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(10, 26, 47, 0.07);
  --shadow-md: 0 6px 20px rgba(10, 26, 47, 0.09);
  --shadow-lg: 0 14px 40px rgba(10, 26, 47, 0.12);

  --header-height: 74px;
  --transition: 180ms ease;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   2. Reset and base elements
   ========================================================================== */

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 1rem);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--fs-md);
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--colour-text);
  background-color: var(--colour-bg);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

img,
svg,
picture,
video {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

hr {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  margin: var(--space-7) 0;
}

table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  width: 100%;
}

th,
td {
  text-align: left;
  padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-4);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  vertical-align: top;
}

th {
  color: var(--colour-heading);
  font-weight: 600;
}

code,
kbd,
samp {
  font-family: "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace;
  font-size: 0.92em;
  background: var(--grey-100);
  padding: 0.1em 0.35em;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

blockquote {
  margin: var(--space-6) 0;
  padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-5);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-500);
  background: var(--grey-50);
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
  font-style: italic;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   3. Accessibility helpers
   ========================================================================== */

/* Visible skip link for keyboard users */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -100px;
  left: var(--space-4);
  z-index: 999;
  background: var(--navy-900);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-5);
  border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: top var(--transition);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  top: 0;
}

/* Strong, consistent keyboard focus states across the site */
a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible,
textarea:focus-visible,
summary:focus-visible,
[tabindex]:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--accent-500);
  outline-offset: 2px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

/* Fallback for browsers without :focus-visible */
a:focus,
button:focus {
  outline-color: var(--accent-500);
}

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   4. Layout utilities
   ========================================================================== */

.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--space-5);
}

.container--narrow {
  max-width: var(--container-narrow);
}

.section {
  padding-block: var(--space-10);
}

.section--tight {
  padding-block: var(--space-8);
}

.section--alt {
  background: var(--colour-bg-alt);
  border-block: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
}

.section--navy {
  background: var(--navy-900);
  color: #dbe4ee;
}

.section--navy h2,
.section--navy h3 {
  color: var(--white);
}

.section-head {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-7);
}

.section-head--centred {
  margin-inline: auto;
  text-align: center;
}

.eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent-600);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.section--navy .eyebrow {
  color: var(--accent-300);
}

.lead {
  font-size: var(--fs-lg);
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.section--navy .lead {
  color: #c3d0dd;
}

.text-centre {
  text-align: center;
}

.mt-0 { margin-top: 0; }
.mb-0 { margin-bottom: 0; }
.mt-4 { margin-top: var(--space-4); }
.mt-6 { margin-top: var(--space-6); }
.mb-6 { margin-bottom: var(--space-6); }


/* ==========================================================================
   5. Typography
   ========================================================================== */

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  color: var(--colour-heading);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.22;
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-4);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

h1 { font-size: var(--fs-4xl); }
h2 { font-size: var(--fs-3xl); }
h3 { font-size: var(--fs-xl); }
h4 { font-size: var(--fs-lg); }
h5 { font-size: var(--fs-md); }
h6 { font-size: var(--fs-base); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }

p {
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-4);
}

p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

a {
  color: var(--colour-link);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--colour-link-hover);
  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
}

strong {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--colour-heading);
}

.section--navy strong {
  color: var(--white);
}

small,
.small {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   6. Buttons
   ========================================================================== */

.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.2;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.6rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 2px solid transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-align: center;
  transition: background-color var(--transition), border-color var(--transition),
    color var(--transition), transform var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.btn:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.btn:active {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.btn--primary {
  background: var(--accent-600);
  border-color: var(--accent-600);
  color: var(--white);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.btn--primary:hover {
  background: var(--accent-700);
  border-color: var(--accent-700);
  color: var(--white);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.btn--secondary {
  background: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--navy-800);
  color: var(--navy-800);
}

.btn--secondary:hover {
  background: var(--navy-800);
  color: var(--white);
}

.btn--ghost {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
  color: var(--white);
}

.btn--ghost:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border-color: var(--white);
  color: var(--white);
}

.btn--light {
  background: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--white);
  color: var(--navy-900);
}

.btn--light:hover {
  background: var(--accent-100);
  border-color: var(--accent-100);
  color: var(--navy-900);
}

.btn--small {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  padding: 0.55rem 1.05rem;
}

.btn-group {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  margin-top: var(--space-6);
}

.btn-group--centred {
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Simple inline "read more" style link */
.link-arrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4em;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
}

.link-arrow::after {
  content: "\2192";
  transition: transform var(--transition);
}

.link-arrow:hover {
  border-bottom-color: currentColor;
}

.link-arrow:hover::after {
  transform: translateX(3px);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   7. Header and navigation
   ========================================================================== */

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.97);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(6px);
}

.site-header.is-scrolled {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--space-5);
  min-height: var(--header-height);
}

/* Brand / logo */
.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-3);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.brand:hover {
  color: var(--navy-900);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.brand__mark {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.brand__text {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.brand__name {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.brand__strap {
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--grey-500);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Navigation */
.nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-2);
}

.nav__list {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-1);
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.nav__link {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.7rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  transition: color var(--transition), background-color var(--transition),
    border-color var(--transition);
}

.nav__link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-600);
  background: var(--grey-100);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav__link[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--accent-700);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent-500);
}

.nav__cta {
  margin-left: var(--space-3);
}

/* Mobile menu toggle button */
.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  width: 46px;
  height: 42px;
  padding: 0;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--navy-900);
}

.nav-toggle__bars,
.nav-toggle__bars::before,
.nav-toggle__bars::after {
  display: block;
  width: 20px;
  height: 2px;
  background: currentColor;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: transform var(--transition), opacity var(--transition);
}

.nav-toggle__bars {
  position: relative;
}

.nav-toggle__bars::before,
.nav-toggle__bars::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
}

.nav-toggle__bars::before { top: -6px; }
.nav-toggle__bars::after  { top: 6px; }

.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-toggle__bars {
  background: transparent;
}

.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-toggle__bars::before {
  transform: translateY(6px) rotate(45deg);
}

.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-toggle__bars::after {
  transform: translateY(-6px) rotate(-45deg);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   8. Hero
   ========================================================================== */

.hero {
  position: relative;
  background: var(--navy-900);
  /* Very subtle depth only — no heavy gradients */
  background-image: linear-gradient(160deg, #0a1a2f 0%, #102842 62%, #123246 100%);
  color: #dfe8f1;
  padding-block: var(--space-11) var(--space-10);
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Faint grid motif — evokes data without using stock imagery */
.hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 56px 56px;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero > .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.hero__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.35fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-9);
  align-items: center;
}

.hero__brandline {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent-300);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.hero h1 {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.4vw, 3.1rem);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
  max-width: 15ch;
}

.hero__text {
  font-size: var(--fs-lg);
  color: #c6d4e2;
  max-width: 56ch;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
}

.hero__person {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  padding-top: var(--space-5);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  margin-top: var(--space-6);
}

/* Circular headshot beside the founder's name in the hero */
.hero__avatar {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 12%;
  border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
  background: var(--navy-700);
}

.hero__person-name {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: var(--fs-md);
  margin: 0;
}

.hero__person-role {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: #a9bccd;
}

/* Card of headline facts beside the hero copy */
.hero__panel {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.055);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: var(--space-6);
}

.hero__panel h2 {
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
  color: var(--accent-300);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.hero__facts {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-4);
}

.hero__facts li {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.15rem;
  padding-bottom: var(--space-4);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}

.hero__facts li:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.hero__facts b {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: var(--fs-lg);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.hero__facts span {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: #a9bccd;
}

/* Compact hero used on interior pages */
.page-hero {
  background: var(--navy-900);
  background-image: linear-gradient(160deg, #0a1a2f 0%, #12304c 100%);
  color: #dfe8f1;
  padding-block: var(--space-9);
}

.page-hero h1 {
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.page-hero p {
  font-size: var(--fs-lg);
  color: #c6d4e2;
  max-width: 68ch;
  margin: 0;
}

/* Breadcrumb */
.breadcrumb {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
  color: #9fb3c6;
}

.breadcrumb ol {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.breadcrumb li + li::before {
  content: "/";
  margin-right: 0.4rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
}

.breadcrumb a {
  color: var(--accent-300);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.breadcrumb a:hover {
  color: var(--white);
  text-decoration: underline;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   9. Cards, grids and panels
   ========================================================================== */

.grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-5);
}

.grid--2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.grid--3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.grid--4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); }

.grid--split {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-8);
  align-items: start;
}

.grid--sidebar {
  grid-template-columns: 1.7fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-8);
  align-items: start;
}

.card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: var(--space-6);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition),
    border-color var(--transition);
  height: 100%;
}

.card--hover:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: var(--accent-300);
}

.card h3 {
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.card p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.card__number {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent-100);
  color: var(--accent-700);
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

/* Simple inline SVG icon holder */
.card__icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--accent-100);
  color: var(--accent-700);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.card__icon svg {
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
}

.card--accent {
  border-top: 4px solid var(--accent-500);
}

.card--navy {
  background: var(--navy-800);
  border-color: var(--navy-700);
  color: #cdd9e5;
}

.card--navy h3 {
  color: var(--white);
}

/* Panel: lighter alternative to a card */
.panel {
  background: var(--grey-50);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: var(--space-5);
}

.panel--note {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-500);
  background: var(--accent-100);
  border-color: var(--accent-300);
}

.panel--placeholder {
  border: 1px dashed var(--colour-border-strong);
  background: var(--grey-50);
}

.panel--placeholder .placeholder-flag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--grey-600);
  background: var(--grey-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

/* Statistic strip */
.stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: var(--space-5);
}

.stats__item {
  text-align: center;
  padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-4);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}

.stats__value {
  display: block;
  font-size: var(--fs-2xl);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--navy-900);
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.stats__label {
  display: block;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
  margin-top: var(--space-2);
}

/* Portrait placeholder (about page) */
.portrait {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 340px;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  background: var(--grey-100);
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 20%;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.portrait-frame {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-4);
}

.portrait-frame figcaption {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
  max-width: 320px;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   10. Lists, tags and badges
   ========================================================================== */

/* Tick list */
.tick-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-3);
}

.tick-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.7rem;
}

.tick-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.55em;
  width: 0.55rem;
  height: 0.3rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent-500);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-500);
  transform: rotate(-45deg);
}

.section--navy .tick-list li::before {
  border-color: var(--accent-300);
}

/* Plain bullet list with tighter spacing */
.list-tight {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
}

.list-tight li {
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

/* Two-column list on wide screens */
.list-columns {
  columns: 2;
  column-gap: var(--space-7);
}

/* Tags */
.tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  list-style: none;
  margin: var(--space-4) 0 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy-700);
  background: var(--blue-100);
  border: 1px solid #d2e0f1;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.7rem;
}

.tag--accent {
  color: var(--accent-700);
  background: var(--accent-100);
  border-color: #c3e6eb;
}

.badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  background: var(--navy-800);
  color: var(--white);
}

.badge--muted {
  background: var(--grey-200);
  color: var(--grey-700);
}

/* Definition-style list used for credentials */
.deflist {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  margin: 0;
}

.deflist div {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.15rem;
  padding-bottom: var(--space-4);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
}

.deflist div:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.deflist dt {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--colour-heading);
}

.deflist dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
}

/* Logo / affiliation strip placeholder */
.audience-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(210px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--space-4);
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.audience-list li {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-500);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: var(--space-4);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   11. Publications
   ========================================================================== */

.profile-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-3);
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.profile-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.1rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--navy-800);
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition),
    box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.profile-links a:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent-500);
  color: var(--accent-700);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.pub-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-5);
}

.pub {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-6);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-500);
}

/* Year and publication-type labels sit on one wrapping row above the title. */
.pub__badges {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.pub__year {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--accent-700);
  background: var(--accent-100);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

/* Inside a .pub__badges row the row itself owns the spacing. */
.pub__badges .pub__year {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.pub__type {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--grey-600);
  background: var(--grey-100);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem;
}

.pub__title {
  font-size: var(--fs-lg);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

/* The title is the primary link to the published record; keep it looking like a
   heading until hovered or focused so the list stays readable at a glance. */
.pub__title a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.pub__title a:hover,
.pub__title a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--colour-link);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.pub__authors {
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

/* Marks Jamal Hossain within an author list without altering the printed text. */
.pub__me {
  color: var(--colour-text);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.pub__meta {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--grey-600);
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.pub__desc {
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.pub__links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* DOIs are long, unbreakable-looking strings; let them wrap rather than force
   the page to scroll sideways on a narrow screen. */
.pub__links a {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

/* Filter buttons (progressive enhancement — see js/script.js) */
.filter-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
}

.filter-btn {
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.95rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border-strong);
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--navy-800);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color var(--transition), border-color var(--transition),
    color var(--transition);
}

.filter-btn:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent-500);
  color: var(--accent-700);
}

.filter-btn[aria-pressed="true"] {
  background: var(--navy-800);
  border-color: var(--navy-800);
  color: var(--white);
}


/* Numbered research-interest list (research.html). Uses a CSS counter so the
   numbering stays correct if items are added or reordered. */
.interest-list {
  list-style: none;
  counter-reset: interest;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-5);
}

.interest-list > li {
  counter-increment: interest;
  position: relative;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-500);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-6) var(--space-5) calc(var(--space-6) + 2.6rem);
}

.interest-list > li::before {
  content: counter(interest);
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--space-6);
  top: var(--space-5);
  width: 1.9rem;
  height: 1.9rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent-700);
  background: var(--accent-100);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.interest-list h3 {
  font-size: var(--fs-md);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.interest-list p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .interest-list > li {
    padding: var(--space-5);
    padding-top: calc(var(--space-5) + 2.4rem);
  }

  .interest-list > li::before {
    left: var(--space-5);
    top: var(--space-4);
  }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   12. Timeline / experience
   ========================================================================== */

.timeline {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 var(--space-6);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--colour-border);
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-6);
}

.timeline > li {
  position: relative;
}

.timeline > li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: calc(-1 * var(--space-6) - 7px);
  top: 0.45em;
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent-500);
  border: 3px solid var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--accent-500);
}

.timeline__period {
  display: block;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent-700);
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-1);
}

.timeline h3 {
  font-size: var(--fs-md);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.timeline p {
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   13. Forms
   ========================================================================== */

.form {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-5);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: var(--space-6);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.form__row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-5);
}

.field {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-2);
}

.field label {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--colour-heading);
}

.field .hint {
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  color: var(--grey-600);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.field .req {
  color: #a4262c;
  font-weight: 700;
}

input[type="text"],
input[type="email"],
input[type="tel"],
input[type="url"],
select,
textarea {
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
  color: var(--colour-text);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem;
  width: 100%;
  transition: border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

input:hover,
select:hover,
textarea:hover {
  border-color: var(--grey-400);
}

input:focus,
select:focus,
textarea:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent-500);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(18, 138, 155, 0.16);
}

textarea {
  min-height: 150px;
  resize: vertical;
}

select {
  appearance: none;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 12 8'%3E%3Cpath fill='%234d5a63' d='M1 1l5 5 5-5'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: right 0.9rem center;
  background-size: 12px;
  padding-right: 2.4rem;
}

fieldset {
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: var(--space-5);
  margin: 0;
}

legend {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--colour-heading);
  padding-inline: var(--space-2);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   14. Call to action band
   ========================================================================== */

.cta {
  background: var(--navy-900);
  background-image: linear-gradient(160deg, #0a1a2f 0%, #123246 100%);
  color: #dbe6f0;
  padding-block: var(--space-9);
  text-align: center;
}

.cta h2 {
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.cta p {
  font-size: var(--fs-lg);
  color: #c3d0dd;
  max-width: 62ch;
  margin-inline: auto;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   15. Footer
   ========================================================================== */

.site-footer {
  background: var(--navy-900);
  color: #a9bccd;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  padding-block: var(--space-8) var(--space-5);
}

.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.6fr 1fr 1fr 1.2fr;
  gap: var(--space-7);
  padding-bottom: var(--space-7);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}

.site-footer h2,
.site-footer h3 {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.footer-brand .brand__name {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.footer-brand p {
  max-width: 42ch;
  margin-top: var(--space-4);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Independence disclaimer: present on every page, but deliberately quieter than
   the surrounding footer text. */
.footer-independence {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-style: italic;
  opacity: 0.75;
}

.footer-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-3);
}

.site-footer a {
  color: #c3d0dd;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-footer a:hover {
  color: var(--white);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.footer-bottom {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  padding-top: var(--space-5);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  color: #8ea3b6;
}

.footer-bottom ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-4);
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   16. Page-specific helpers
   ========================================================================== */

/* --- Blog --- */
.post-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--space-3);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: var(--space-6);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  height: 100%;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.post-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.post-card__meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-3);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  color: var(--grey-600);
}

.post-card h3 {
  font-size: var(--fs-lg);
  margin: 0;
}

.post-card p {
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
  margin: 0;
}

.post-card__footer {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: var(--space-4);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--grey-600);
}

.category-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-3);
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.category-list li {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border-strong);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy-800);
}

/* --- 404 --- */
.error-page {
  padding-block: var(--space-11);
  text-align: center;
}

.error-code {
  font-size: clamp(4rem, 14vw, 8rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--accent-100);
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

/* --- Long-form text pages (privacy) --- */
.prose h2 {
  font-size: var(--fs-xl);
  margin-top: var(--space-8);
  padding-top: var(--space-5);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
}

.prose h2:first-of-type {
  margin-top: var(--space-6);
}

.prose h3 {
  font-size: var(--fs-md);
  margin-top: var(--space-6);
}

.prose ul,
.prose ol {
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-4);
  padding-left: 1.3rem;
}

.prose li {
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

/* Table of contents */
.toc {
  background: var(--grey-50);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: var(--space-5);
}

.toc h2 {
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-3);
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
}

.toc ol {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
}

.toc li {
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

/* Accordion (details/summary) — no JavaScript required */
.accordion {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-3);
}

.accordion details {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.accordion summary {
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-5);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--colour-heading);
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-4);
}

.accordion summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.accordion summary::after {
  content: "+";
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--accent-600);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.accordion details[open] summary::after {
  content: "\2013";
}

.accordion summary:hover {
  background: var(--grey-50);
}

.accordion .accordion__body {
  padding: 0 var(--space-5) var(--space-5);
  color: var(--colour-text-muted);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   17. Animations (subtle, and disabled when reduced motion is requested)
   ========================================================================== */

.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(14px);
  transition: opacity 520ms ease, transform 520ms ease;
}

.reveal.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}

/* If JavaScript is unavailable, content must still be visible.
   script.js adds .js to <html>; without it the elements stay fully visible. */
html:not(.js) .reveal {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .reveal,
  .reveal.is-visible {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: none !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }

  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.001ms !important;
    transition-duration: 0.001ms !important;
  }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   18. Responsive breakpoints
   ========================================================================== */

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: var(--space-6);
  }

  .grid--4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}

@media (max-width: 960px) {
  :root {
    --fs-3xl: 1.85rem;
    --fs-4xl: 2.25rem;
  }

  .hero__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: var(--space-7);
  }

  .hero h1 { max-width: none; }

  .grid--3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .grid--split,
  .grid--sidebar {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: var(--space-7);
  }

  /* --- Mobile navigation --- */
  .nav-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
  }

  .nav {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    background: var(--white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-5) var(--space-6);
    max-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-height));
    overflow-y: auto;
  }

  .nav.is-open {
    display: flex;
  }

  .nav__list {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .nav__link {
    padding: 0.85rem 0.5rem;
    font-size: var(--fs-md);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--colour-border);
    border-radius: 0;
  }

  .nav__link[aria-current="page"] {
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent-500);
  }

  .nav__cta {
    margin: var(--space-5) 0 0;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .site-header {
    position: sticky;
  }

  .header-inner {
    position: relative;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  :root {
    --space-10: 3.5rem;
    --space-11: 4rem;
  }

  body { font-size: var(--fs-base); }

  .grid--2,
  .grid--3,
  .grid--4 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

  .form__row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

  .list-columns { columns: 1; }

  .btn { width: 100%; }
  .btn-group { flex-direction: column; }
  .profile-links a { width: 100%; justify-content: center; }

  .brand__strap { display: none; }

  .card,
  .post-card,
  .form { padding: var(--space-5); }

  .pub { padding: var(--space-5); }
}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .brand__name { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .container { padding-inline: var(--space-4); }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   19. Print styles
   ========================================================================== */

@media print {
  :root {
    --colour-text: #000;
    --colour-heading: #000;
  }

  body {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
    font-size: 11pt;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  .site-header,
  .site-footer,
  .nav,
  .nav-toggle,
  .skip-link,
  .btn,
  .btn-group,
  .cta,
  .filter-bar,
  .breadcrumb {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .hero,
  .page-hero,
  .section--navy {
    background: #fff !important;
    color: #000 !important;
    padding-block: 0.5cm;
  }

  .hero::after { display: none; }

  .hero h1,
  .page-hero h1,
  .hero__text,
  .page-hero p,
  .section--navy h2,
  .section--navy h3,
  .section--navy .lead {
    color: #000 !important;
  }

  .card,
  .panel,
  .pub,
  .post-card,
  .form {
    border: 1px solid #999;
    box-shadow: none;
    break-inside: avoid;
    page-break-inside: avoid;
  }

  a {
    color: #000;
    text-decoration: underline;
  }

  /* Show destination of external links when printed */
  main a[href^="http"]::after {
    content: " (" attr(href) ")";
    font-size: 9pt;
    word-break: break-all;
  }

  h1, h2, h3 {
    break-after: avoid;
    page-break-after: avoid;
  }

  .section {
    padding-block: 0.6cm;
  }

  .reveal {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: none !important;
  }
}